Memorizing the vast amount of information required for the MCAT can feel like an overwhelming task. However, by leveraging scientifically proven techniques like spaced repetition and active recalling, using advanced flashcard software such as Anki, you can enhance your retention and boost your performance on test day.
The Science Behind Spaced Repetition and Active Recall
Spaced repetition is a learning technique rooted in cognitive psychology that optimizes the intervals at which information is reviewed. Studies show that spacing out reviews over time allows for more effective long-term retention compared to cramming [1]. This is due to the spacing effect, which states that information is better recalled when practice sessions are spaced out rather than massed together.
For example, Ebbinghaus's famous "forgetting curve" demonstrates how memory decays over time if not reinforced. Spaced repetition combats this by strategically timing reviews to coincide with moments when you are just about to forget the material. This strengthens memory consolidation and reduces the need for relearning.
Spaced repetition works best when paired with active recall, a powerful study method that involves actively retrieving information from memory rather than passively reviewing it. Research shows that testing yourself on material, even when it's challenging, leads to stronger neural connections and better retention compared to re-reading notes or highlighting text [2]. This is because the act of retrieval strengthens your ability to recall the information in the future.
Instead of simply reading about the Krebs cycle, actively recall its steps by answering practice questions or using flashcards. The combination of spaced repetition and active recall ensures that you repeatedly challenge yourself to retrieve information at just the right intervals, maximizing learning efficiency.
Anki: The Optimal Memorization Tool
One of the best tools to implement spaced repetition is Anki, a free, open-source flashcard program that you can download on your laptop or phone. Anki uses an algorithm to adjust the timing of flashcard reviews based on your performance. Cards you answer correctly are shown less frequently, while those you struggle with appear more often. This ensures that your study time is spent efficiently, focusing on areas where you need the most improvement.
General Tips for Anki Usage:
- Use premade decks. Many high-quality decks are available online and can save you time when preparing for your test. Additionally, they are sorted by tags that follow popular resources such as Kaplan, UWorld, Princeton Review, etc.
- Create custom cards from missed questions. The best way to learn from your mistakes is to review them often. Adding your own cards to supplement pre-made decks ensures that you address your weak areas thoroughly and consistently reinforce those concepts.
- Be consistent. Consistency is key when using Anki. Doing the daily review cards that the algorithm gives you, even if brief, will help you reap the benefits of spaced repetition.
Final Thoughts
The MCAT is a challenging test. Students who want to score in the highest percentiles must not only work hard, but work smart. By utilizing the science of spaced repetition and active recall with tools like Anki, you can streamline your study process, improve retention, and ultimately maximize your test performance.
References
1) Price, D., Wang, T., O'Neill, T., Morgan, Z., Chodavarapu, P., Bazemore, A., Peterson, L., & Newton, W. (2024). The Effect of Spaced Repetition on Learning and Knowledge Transfer in a Large Cohort of Practicing Physicians. Academic medicine: journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000005856.
2) Augustin, M. (2014). How to Learn Effectively in Medical School: Test Yourself, Learn Actively, and Repeat in Intervals. The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 87, 207 – 121.
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